
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




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COPOUGIIT DEPOSm 



Drill and Code Book 



-OF- 




Bl POWER SQUAPROyrS B 



]^ i]:«corporaxe:d ^ 



Approved ty tlie Governing Board 

April 29, 1916 



Copyriglit, 1916 

UNITED STATES POWER SQUADRONS 
Incorporated 



.145-43 



A. T. BLISS & CO., 

PPIWTEHS 

50 PEARL ST., BOSTON 




.JIJN 13 1916 

©CI.A433356 





When used as the Code 
Flue it i8 to bo hoisted 
undor the ensign. 

When used ns the 
iinswerinji; pennant It is to 
he lioisted at the masthead 
i>r wliere best seen. 



SQUADRON CODE — DRILL SIGNALS. 



These signals are used only in formation or when under 
way as a Squadron or Division, and should be memorized. At 
all other times, single flag signals refer to regular Uniform 
Club Code. 

ANSWERING PENNANT: 

1 To be hoisted promptly only when signal 

^ ^^,^^^ is understood, and you are prepared to exe- 

^H ^B^^-^^ cute same, and to be hauled down when 
^^"""^ signal is lowered on Flagboat. Signals are 

j directed to a particular boat by hoisting that 

boat's number on port spreader, and should be answered by 
that boat only. 

Division Flagboats and Dispatch Boats will repeat signals 
instead of hoisting answering pennant. 

Maneuvering signals (not conversational) should be 
executed at the moment the signal is hauled down. When- 
ever Power Squadron signals are to be used, the commanding 
Power Squadron officer shall divsplay at masthead his official 
Squadron Flag. 

TURNING MANEUVERS: 

In executing turning maneuvers, such as L, M, N, and O, 
etc., Captains must notice compass bearings in order to 
obtain accurate positions, and follow arc of slowest turning 
boat. When columns change direction or countermarch, lead- 
ing boats turn on the turning arc of the Guide Boat and other 
boats follow the course of the boat ahead. 

NAMES OF FLAGS. 

In the Navy, to prevent confusion when calling out flags 
or recording signals, the words, printed under the flags are 
used as names of the letters, and this practice may be adopted 
at the discretion of the Commanders and Captains. 



A—Able 



Get Under Way Immediately, or at 

When this signal is displayed alone, the boats 
should immediately get under way, taking posi- 
tions assigned. If time signal is displayed with 
signal A, boats should get under way at time 
designated, taking positions assigned. 



Accident. 

Boat following should render assistance. When 
displayed by the last boat, the preceding boat 
should render assistance. If accident is visibly 
serious, all boats should render assistance. 




Boy 



-Cast 



YES. 

Permission is granted. 



D—Dog 



NO. 

Permission is refused. 




Flagboat will Act as Guide. 

(See explanation of V.) 



F-— Fox 



Permission to Leave is Requested. 



Disregard Movements of Flagboat. 

Flagboat ceases to be Guide Boat, but still 
retains command and gives signals. (See 
G — George explanation of V.) 



tl 

H— Have 



Single Column. 

All boats in a single line, fifty yards apart, unless 
otherwise ordered, in positions assigned at be- 
ginning of drill. 



Double Column. 

Two single columns abreast. When signal is ex- 
ecuted, boats occupying odd number positions in 
line, with Guide Boat counting as one, remain in 
I — Item Starboard Column one hundred yards apart, unless 
otherwise ordered, and boats occupying even num- 
ber positions turn 45*^ to Port and take positions one hundred 
yards abreast of boat ahead, which has remained in Starboard 
Column. Boats in Starboard Column should slow down until 
boats in Port Column reach positions abreast. 



B 



Boats Right 45''. 

Each boat turns 4 compass points to right, taking 
line on Guide Boat. 



J-Jig 



K— King 



Boats Left 45^. 

Each boat turns 4 compass points to left, taking 
line on Guide Boat. 




M—Mike 



Boats Right go"". 

Each boat turns 8 compass points to right, making 
a line abreast formation^ each boat taking line on 
Guide Boat. 



Boats Left 90'\ 

Each boat turns 8 compass points to left, making 
a line abreast formation, each boat taking line on 
Guide Boat. 



I N— Nan 



Boats Right About i8o^. 

Each boat turns completely about and runs in the 
opposite compass direction so that last boat in line 
becomes Guide Boat (hoisting Guide Flag V), 
and former Guide Boat becomes last boat in line, 
and hauls down Guide Flag. 



O— Oboe 



Boats Left About i8o^. 

Each boat turns completely about and runs in the 
opposite compass direction so that the last boat in 
line becomes Guide Boat (hoisting Guide Flag V) , 
and former Guide Boat becomes last boat in line, 
and hauls down Guide Flag. 




Attention. 

Prepare to execute further signals and display 
answering pennant only when ready to do so. 
When repeater is hoisted over P, prepare with all 
Pup possible haste. 



Stand By. 

All boats in proper position immediately stop 
headway and stand by. If any boats are out of 
their proper positions, they should regain position 
Q— Quack as soon as possible and then stand by. 

Observe Position More Closely. 

Flagboat flies this signal to correct irregularity 
in line, position or formation while under way. 
Immediately upon display of this signal, all boats 
should give particular attention to their positions 
and correct any irregularities. 

Break Formation. 

This signal is for emergency use. Boats in 
Squadron are not required to keep in formation 
but to remain within sufficient distance of Flag- 
boat to observe the next signal. 

Resume Previous Formation. 

When displayed by Flagboat, all boats will re- 
sume previous formation. (This flag to be used 
in case S has been displayed or when mistakes 
are made in formations by misinterpreting signals 
or for other reasons.) 

8 




T— Tare 



I U— Unit 



Dispatch Boat. 

Boat designated by Flagboat for special duty and 
while so acting displays Flag U. 



I V— Vice 



Guide Flag. 

Is displayed at starboard spreader of boat desig- 
nated by the Flagboat to act as Guide Boat. 
When Flagboat displays Signal G the boat next 
in line becomes Guide Boat, and immediately 
V— Vice hoists the Guide Flag V. 

When the Flagboat resumes position in line and 
hoists E, the Guide Flag should be promptly hauled down. 
The Guide Flag is never displayed by boat in command of 
Squadron or Division. (See explanation of N and O.) 

jpHHlH Signals Apply to Starboard Column only. 

■ |B ■ Signals given on starboard spreader while W 
J ^^ J remains displayed will apply to the Starboard 
■■■■II Column only. W is displayed only when in 

J^ Watch ^^^^^® column formation, and it is understood 

that the Starboard Column remains the Starboard 
Column during this maneuver, regardless of its position, and 
the Port Column proceeds in accordance with signals dis- 
played wit-h X on port spreader. 

Under all conditions and changes the rule is: **Once the 
Starboard Column, always the Starboard Column." 



X— X-Ray 



Signals Apply to Port Column only. 

Signals given on port spreader while X remains 
displayed will apply to the Port Column only. 
X is displayed only when in double column 
formation, and it is understood that the Port 
Column remains the Port Column during this 

maneuver, regardless of its position, and the Starboard 

Column proceeds in accordance with signals displayed with 

W on starboard spreader. 

Under all conditions and changes the rule is: **Once the 

Port Column, always the Port Column." 

9 




Come within Hail. 



Signal is Annulled. 

To be hoisted by Flagboat when desiring to 
annnl all signals at that moment displayed. When 
hoisted alone, it annuls the last signal. 



MEMORANDA 



10 




REPEATER (Rep) 

Is used to provide a greater number of 
two-flag signals. It is a yellow pennant 
with luff one-half of its length. The inner 
portion is a triangle of blue, similar in shape to the flag 
itself, its base one-half the length of the luff and placed mid- 
way upon it. 

REP —Column right 90° (8 compass points). 
H 

H — Column left 90° (8 compass points). 
REP 

REP — Double columns countermarch right about 
I 180°. 

I — Double columns countermarch left about 
REP 180°. 

I — Double columns countermarch outside 180°, 
A starboard column turning to right, port 

column turning to left. 

I — Double columns countermarch inside 180°, 
B starboard column turning to left, port 

column turning to right. 

I — Double Column Form Column of Fours: 
C This signal is given only when in double col- 
umn formation and is executed by each column 
forming into a double column. Captains should 
note their new positions in line. Odd number 
boats remain in column 200 yards apart and 
even number boats turn left 45° and take posi- 
tion 50 yards abreast of the odd number boat 
which preceded it so that the formation be- 
comes a column of successive lines of four 
boats each, the lines being 200 yards apart. Odd 
number boats should slow down until other 
boats reach position abreast. 

11 



When T is displayed (resume previous for- 
mation), the boats which were even number 
boats in the previous maneuver (IC) turn 
right 45° and resume their previous positions in 
column 100 yards astern of boat ahead. 

I — Double Columns Rectangular Formation: 
D When executed each column turns 90° (8 com- 
pass points), the starboard column turning 
right and the port column turning left and 
proceeding for thirty seconds. Then starboard 
column turns left 90° and the port column turns 
right 90° and proceeds in parallel line for two 
minutes on original course. Then starboard 
column turns left 90° and port column turns 
right 90°, proceeding for thirty seconds. Then 
starboard column turns right 90° and port col- 
umn turns left 90° and the two columns again 
resume original position and course. Time of 
intervals may be changed when prearranged by 
the Squadron Commander. 



I~ 

E 


- Port column boats 
boats right 90°. 


left 


90°. 


Starboard column 


I- 
F 


. Port column boats right 90°. 
boats left 90°. 


Starboard column 


I - 
G 


— 








I - 
H 


— 








REP — Column right 45 
J 


° (4 


compass points). 



REP — Column left 45° (4 compass points). 
K 

12 



REP — Line Abreast— Right Wheel 90°: 
L The entire line wheels, keeping line abreast for- 
mation with the boat on the extreme right as 
a pivot and the boat on the extreme left keeps 
uniform speed turning in the arc described by 
the turn of the entire line. Other boats vary 
speed as is necessary. 

REP — Line Abreast— Left Wheel 90°: 
M The entire line wheels, keeping line abreast for- 
mation with the boat on the extreme left as a 
pivot, and the boat on extreme right keeps uni- 
form speed, turning in the arc described by the 
turn of the entire line. Other boats vary speed 
as is necessary. 

REP — Single column countermarch right about 
N 180°. 

REP — Single column countermarch left about 180°. 
O 

REP — Prepare with all possible haste. 
P 

REP — 

Q 

REP — 
R 

REP — 
S 

REP- 
T 

REP — Dispatch Boat wanted. 
U 

13 




SPECIAL SQUADRON SIGNALS. 

Squadron Flag (SQD) is a pennant with luff 
one-half of its length, with the upper half 
of the flag blue and the lower half white. 

Squadron Flag displayed alone signifies : 

All Divisions act under orders of the Squadron Flagboat 
as one unit. 

Displayed over other flags signifies: 
SQD — Squadron command is assumed by this boat. 
A 

SQD — Squadron command is transferred to Senior 
B Local Squadron Officer present. 

SQD — Squadron command is transferred to Senior 
C U. S. Power Squadron Officer present. 

SQD- — Does Senior U. S. Power Squadron Officer 
D present desire to take command? 

SQD — • Squadron officers assemble on board Flag- 
E boat at once or at 

SQD — Squadron officers assemble on shore at once 
F or at 

SQD — Captains assemble on board Flagboat at once 
G or at 

SQD — Captains assemble on shore at once or at 
H 

SQD — Squadron prepare for review. 
I 

SQD — ■ Squadron pass in review. 
J 

SQD — Squadron prepare for inspection. 
K 

14 



SQD- 
L 


• Squadron boats come 
inspection. 


alongside in turn 


for 


SQD- 

M 


-Squadron boats come 
instructions. 


alongside in turn 


for 


SQD- 

N 


- Squadron boats send 
instructions. 


boat to Flagboat 


for 


SQD- 
O 


- Squadron 


will not start until weather clears. 


SQD- 
P 


- Squadron 


prepare to start. 




SQD- 
Q 


- Squadron 


will start at 






SQD- 
R 


SQD- 
S 


SQD — 

T 


SQD — 
U 


SQD- 
V 


SQD- 

W 


SQD- 
X 


SQD- 
Y 


-All Squac 


ron boats come within hail. 




SQD- 
Z 


- Squadron 


is disbanded 
15 







SPECIAL DIVISION SIGNALS. 




Division Flag (DIV) is a pennant with luff 
one-half of its length, the upper half red 
and the lower half white. 

Division Flag displayed alone signifies : 

Each Division act under the orders of its Lieutenant only 
as a separate unit. 

Displayed over other flags signifies: 
DIV — May this Division proceed as a unit inde- 
A pendently of the Squadron? 

DIV — > May this Division proceed via ? 

B 

DIV — • May this Division put into ? 

C 

DIV — This Division will proceed as a unit inde- 
D pendently of the Squadron. 

DIV — - This Division will proceed via 

E 

DIV — This Division will put into 

F 

DIV — Do the boats in this Division wish to pro- 
G ceed via ? 

DIV — Do the boats in this Division wish to put 
H into ? 

DIV — Division prepare for review. 
I 

DIV — Division pass in review. 



DIV — Division prepare for inspection. 
K 



16 



DIV — 
L 


Division boats 
inspection. 


come 


alongside 


in 


turn for 


DIV — 
M 


Division boats 
instructions. 


come 


alongside 


in 


turn for 


DIV — 

N 


Division boats send boat to Division Flag- 
boat for instructions. 


DIV- 
O 


DIV — 
P 


DIV — 

Q 


DIV — 
R 


DIV — 
S 


DIV — 
T 


DIV- 
U 


DIV — 
V 


DIV- 
W 


DIV — 
X 


DIV — 
Y 


All boats 


of this Division come 


within hail. 


DIV — 
Z 


Division 


is disb 


anded. 
17 









SQUADRON CODE— TWO-FLAG SIGNALS. 



Power Squadron Two-Flag Signals are in addition 
and supplementary to the two-flag signals of the 
Club Code, which will be found on page 40. 
BP —Anchor at will. 
BZ — Anchor by position. 
DT — Will your accident cause much delay? 
DU — Machinery temporarily disabled. 
DV — Proceed; will join you later. 
DW — Am ready to proceed. 
DX — Shall need tow into port. 
DY — Be sure your tow line is sufficient. 
DZ — Tow not needed; please stand by. 
EM — I want a tow. 
EN — Do you want a tow? 
FB — Captains and guests are invited on board 

Flagboat at 

FC — Captains report on board Flagboat on coming 

to anchor. 

FD — Captains' meeting postponed until 

FE — Report on board at 

FH — Render assistance to boat in distress. 

FS — Send a boat to Flagboat. 

FU — Congratulations. Well done. 

FW — Thank you. 

GW— At once. 

HA — Take and note new position number (s). 

HB — Close up and assume new position numbers 

where necessary. 
HC -r- Odd and even position numbers are reversed. 
HD — Boats take positions in line in same order as 

their permanent season number. 
HE — Boats take positions in line as in previous 

drill. 

18 



HF — Boat now joining Squadron take position 

No. . . in line. 

HG — 'What position in line shall I take? 

HI — You will take position No in line. 

HJ — Take positions fifty yards apart. 

HK — Take positions one hundred yards apart. 

HL — Take positions two hundred yards apart. 

HM — Wait for absentee or boat No 

HN — When will you be ready? 

HO — Will be ready in minutes. 

HP — Prepare for an early departure. 

HQ — What speed in knots can you comfortably 

maintain? 
HR — Leave formation and proceed at best possible 

speed. 
HS — Make all possible speed. 
HT — Will send instructions. 
HU — Boat designated by number herewith act as 

despatch boat. 
HV — Require gasoline. 
HW — Require oil. 
HX — Will supply you. 
HY — There will be a Bang-and-Go-Back race at 



HZ — Boat No is running into danger. 

See Signals DA to DJ in Club Code on page 41. 
LA — Give attention to signals. 
LB — You have misunderstood my signal. 
LC — Please relay my signal. 

LD — 

LE — 

LF — 

LG — 

LH — 

LI — 

19 



Column 'Ri^h-L Do": 












I. ^ 

Columns Couniermdrch '^/qJiL ISc 



m m 



m m 












H ii 



21 



3o^t^^jght 4sr 



A 



iVhen in J^j'ne M-t>r<z3st ji>rjml{on. 



Kl 



U\ 






e 



1^ 



1^ 



A 



1^1 



^■1 \-i 






i\ 



J. 

3oat3^j^ht43r 
Mien jnl.we^i>re3:3tformaiioii. 



VJ 



I 'I 

U 



& 



A 



A 



;^i 



22 






M. 

l^fycn JnLJne, Jli>reosL/ormaijon. 



Vj 






u 



/ \ 

/ \ 
I 2 I 



{A 






M. 






^o? 



-m^.s 



/ \ 



3os£^ ^/AhL -Dor 

}^/^en in l,in3 7j£>rsss£ il>r/r)slion. 










A. 



A 



\ / 



I \ 
I .A 

v4 



,'C^, 




0. 



JNT. 




A 

/ \ 



A 



/^ 



ki 



15 



24 



I 

A. . 

Columns Countermarch OaisiJeJSo,. 
S^drhoarJ (Column iurnin^ io "^j^ht , 
Phr-t CG/umn -iurrun^ t<^±^^f!t 



I 

c 



lormCalumn <^}aurs> 




Columns Coun L^rms>r<::h Jn5jJ(2j8<f. 
^i^rhasnd CoJumn t urn /no tcjJ^e/it, 



J^ort CoJuhnn turning tc^ l^/'^^L. 







25 



J. K.. 




I 



A 



rl 



A 

1^ 



\ / 



I 

^riCoJumn^oz^t^ J5i^hL 90° 
5tsfri?oDr^^ Column ^o^t^JjafiDd. 



A 
/ \ 



A 
/ \ 

<'\ 



» '!\ 



VJ 



v-i 



26 










;^>^-~. 









\ 






5/n&Je Co/t/mn Coi/nl^r/narch'^i^hi JSo. 



^ 5in^le Column Q>un iermamhl/^fi J8o. 



27 



TACTICAL SUGGESTIONS FOR COMMANDERS 
OF LOCAL SQUADRONS. 

L These suggestions are more particularly intended 
for officers in command of Squadron Drills, but should 
be studied by all Squadron members. The chief pur- 
pose of drills and maneuvers with boats is to train 
members in observation, ability to make quick and 
intelligent decisions, and the efficient handling of boats. 
Accuracy in steering and correct position in line are 
the first essentials, and Squadrons should aim to per- 
form the more simple maneuvers with precision, rather 
than to hurry on to the complicated formations before 
they know how to keep proper distances or turn in 
uniform arcs. 

2. Before undertaking drills on the water Com- 
manders should confer with their Lieutenants and 
make sure they understand the signals and formations, 
and then have a meeting of the entire Squadron, when 
the signal book can be studied and explained. Each 
boat should have an answering pennant, and display 
it with signal halliards from mast or spreader; but 
if without a mast (or if the mast is inconvenient to 
reach when shorthanded) it should be displayed from 
a boat hook, or hand pole, or oar, so that it can be 
plainly seen. Impress upon all that a signal always 
remains displayed until acknowledged by all to whom 
it is directed, and that maneuvering signals are exe- 
cuted the moment the signal is hauled down, and 
never before. The answering pennant must never be 
hoisted until the meaning of the signal is understood. 

28 



When the Commander perceives that all boats to 
whom the signal is directed have hoisted the answer- 
ing pennant, he can then haul down his signal and 
cause the order to be executed. If some boat has 
evidently misunderstood the signal the Commander 
may hoist T (resume previous formation), or in emer- 
gencies Q or R, or even S. 

3. Lieutenants and Dispatch Boats should acknowl- 
edge signals by repeating them, thus serving the dou- 
ble purpose of assuring the Commander that his signal 
is seen and understood, and also of relaying the signal 
to other boats. About every fifth or sixth boat in line 
should repeat signals, and Lieutenants should be 
placed accordingly. It is sometimes a good plan to 
station the Lieutenant Commander, (or second in 
command) in the center or at the end of the line, to 
observe and correct any mistakes. Commanders 
should appoint temporary Lieutenants to repeat sig- 
nals when necessary, and should use Z or LA, etc., 
immediately if mistakes are made in repeating signals. 

4. There should be at least one Dispatch Boat for 
each ten boats in line, and this boat should take and 
maintain a normal position about 100 to 200 yards 
abreast of the center of the division or section of 
the line it serves. Signals which the Dispatch Boats 
repeat are thus shown at a considerable angle and 
may be more easily read. Dispatch Boats leave these 
positions in executing special orders, and return to 
them when the special duty is completed. If prac- 
tical they may repeat signals even while performing 
special duty, and unless otherwise designated the Dis- 
patch Boat nearest responds to the signal Rep U 
(Dispatch Boat wanted) when hoisted by Commander 
or other boats. 



5. Position Numbers. The Commander should 
assign to each boat a definite position in line for each 
drill, bearing in mind the size and speed of boats, 
and the experience of the Captains, and should com- 
municate this position number to each Captain by 
signal. Dispatch Boat or messenger, also stating if 
possible the entire list of position numbers, and par- 
ticularly the name of the boat to be followed. With 
this precaution, if any boat fails to take its position 
or drops out of line, if in single column the other 
boats should immediately close up and assume new 
position numbers where required; if in double column, 
or other formations, boats should close up only on 
orders from Flagboat, and Commanders should usually 
get the Squadron into single column before giving 
such orders. In every case Captains should carefully 
note their new position numbers. This is most im- 
portant. These position numbers for drill have noth- 
ing to do with the number assigned to each member 
and his boat, and used as a permanent number for 
purposes of communication. These numbers should 
be published in General Orders by each local Com- 
mander at the beginning of the season, and they may 
be used in signalling to boats from the shore. All 
boats should carry megaphones. To avoid the con- 
fusion of too many flags, Captains should not display 
any flag at the masthead during a Drill Period, but 
should haul down their private signals. Squadron 
officers, however, should display their official flag dur- 
ing drill. 

6. Flagboat and Guide. The Flagboat is always 
No. 1 in line, but when G is displayed (disregard 
movements of Flagboat) the new Guide Boat becomes 
No. 1, and other boats assume new position numbers 
accordingly. In all formations boats should take line 

80 



on either the Flagboat or the boat displaying the 
Guide Flag V. Guide Boats must be handled with the 
utmost precision of course and speed and boats likely 
to need the Guide Flag should have one ready for im- 
mediate use. When Flagboat resumes position and 
displays E (Flagboat will act as guide), other boats 
assume new position numbers. Commanders may use 
signals HA, etc., to call attention to these changes. 

7. Each Commander should keep a Season's Record 
Book, covering attendance at drills and showing posi- 
tion of each boat in line, with reports as to efficiency 
in the successive maneuvers, etc., for each day's drill. 
He should designate certain officers to observe the 
details of the drill, and thus assist him in making up 
this report. Upon a boat joining or rejoining, and 
being assigned a position number in the formation, 
other boats thereby affected must assume and care- 
fully note their new positions. Boats which have 
temporarily dropped out of line, when ready to rejoin 
the formation, should ask the Commander "What posi- 
tion shall I take?'* by signal HG or otherwise, and 
then execute the order. If this is impractical the boat 
should take last position in line until otherwise or- 
dered. 

8. Distance. The Commander having hoisted P, 
then hoists A, gets underway, and hoists H (single 
column). Boats fall into line 50 yards apart. This 
distance may be learned by observing the distance 
between two buoys, two moorings, two piers, or two 
fixed objects on shore which are approximately the 
given distance apart. Some such scheme should be 
laid oft and all members should practice the observa- 
tion of this and other distances as much as possible. 
A log similar to the Navy "towing spar" may be towed 
50 yards astern. The log should be about three feet 

31 



long, painted white, with a small weight at the after 
end and having the line made fast about eight inches 
from the forward end. It should be only used at dis- 
cretion of Commanders. 

9. Speed and Course. The Flagboat then estab- 
lishes a uniform rate of speed, with especial regard 
to weather conditions and speed of slowest boat. Each 
Captain will then give particular attention to his en- 
gine adjustments, make his boat run regularly at this 
speed, and keep his proper position in line. It is 
suggested that Captains study the sound of their 
engines and learn to time revolutions by the watch, 
using intervals of IS seconds. When uniform speed 
is established note the approximate r. p. m. as standard 
for the day's drill. This is most important. 

10. Careful and accurate steering is equally impor- 
tant. Captains should note the compass course, and 
having in mind wind, tide and other conditions, should 
constantly check up their position by following the 
wake of the boats ahead, getting a range with masts, 
flag staffs, or funnels, etc. Commanders may announce 
the course by signal or determine a certain course as 
the base line for a set of evolutions. 

11. First Drill. When the column is well under 
way, and uniform speed is evidently established, the 
Commander may hoist J or K, followed by K or J, 
in order to try out the Squadron in keeping a good 
single column. Use Q or R or HW (take positions 
50 yards apart) when necessary. The leading boat 
may purposely steer a somewhat circular course in 
order to allow boats out of line to cut the corners 
on the turns and make up distances. Captains who 
are out of position should always avail themselves of 
any such opportunity to regain their proper positions 
in this way. After about a half hour try I (double 

32 



column), then H (back to single column), repeating 
this I-H-I-H, etc., changing the Squadron back and 
forth as rapidly as possible four or five times, so that 
all hands may become accustomed to rapid execution 
of orders. 

12. At the end of the drill the Squadron may be 
disbanded, anchored at will or by position, or any 
other arrangements made by signal or as predeter- 
mined. In giving the signal BZ (anchor by position) 
Commanders should plan a formation which will in- 
sure proper room for each boat to swing when an- 
chored, and must also be sure that the anchorage is 
large enough to accommodate the entire Squadron. 
I, followed by L or M, is one of the best combinations 
for this purpose; but BZ is to be executed only when 
hauled down, and may thus remain displayed during 
the execution of other maneuvers, and should be 
hoisted in time for Captains to make preparation. It 
is especially valuable to have all the participants in a 
drill assemble on board the Flagboat or on shore as 
soon as possible after its conclusion, when the results 
of the drill can be discussed, mistakes or errors pointed 
out, or misunderstandings explained and made clear. 

13. The Second Drill should last from one to two 
hours. Start with single column, and when it is run- 
ning smoothly alternate from single to double column 
from 40 to 60 minutes, making the changes slowly 
enough to insure the proper positions and alignment, 
which were overlooked in the first drill, as rapidity 
of execution was then most important. In these 
changes even number boats should maintain standard 
speed as much as possible. Captains must handle 
their engines with close attention, slowing or speeding 
up as is necessary, and when they are in position 
returning to standard speed. If this drill covers two 

33 



hours, the first part of the second hour can be given 
to attempting L, M, N, O, Rep H, H Rep, Rep N, and 
Rep O formations, in varying order, trying to get 
rapidity of execution as at the first drill. The latter 
part of the drill should be changes between H and I 
again, with careful attention to precision of movement. 

14. At the Third Drill the Commander may find it 
useful to prepare in advance for his own use a list of 
maneuvers, so that there may be no delay or hesita- 
tion in hoisting signals. Repetitions of H and I 
should be used, and particular attention given to turns 
in both single and double column. In these turning 
maneuvers all Captains must learn to turn on the 
same arc, and without changing speed. This means 
careful steering and reference to the turning arc of 
the slowest turning boat, which is usually the largest 
and longest boat in line. Note compass bearings, and 
be sure the boat is finally headed on the proper new 
course. In line abreast formations keep the midship 
section of the boat on an imaginary line drawn at 
right angles to midship section of the guide boat. If 
all boats keep uniform speed and turn on the same 
arc, these formations can be carried out with surpris- 
ing precision, and will make a creditable appearance. 
The execution of these maneuvers is a real test of 
efficiency in handling boats. 

15. Maneuvers based on W and X may now be 
tried, and Captains should give careful attention to 
whistle signals when passing or crossing boats of the 
other column. Under W and X the starboard and 
port columns retain their respective identities without 
regard to where the maneuvers may take them. These 
formations require plenty of sea room, and Comman- 
ders should have a very definite plan, so that signals 
are made, answered and executed promptly. W and 

34 



X can both be displayed, and each column be maneu- 
vered at the same time, but the two columns must 
not be allowed to get too far apart, and must ulti- 
mately be brought back to their original positions. 

16. In the Fourth Drill H and I should be very 
good, the W and X work good, and the turns and 
line abreast formations should be fair. Further drills 
should be planned by Commanders so as to provide 
sufficient variety to keep every Officer and Captain on 
the alert, at the same time aiming to perfect any 
maneuvers in which Squadrons require special train- 
ing. Certain signals have been purposely left blank 
in the Code Book, and Commanders are expected to 
work out and experiment with new formations as 
their Squadrons become more proficient and ready for 
complicated work. Great care should be taken not to 
go too fast in this, however, but new maneuvers 
which have proved successful should be reported to 
the Chief Commander. 

17. In large Squadrons, with over 12 boats, or even 
a smaller number, it is well to go through the first 
few drills in separate Divisions, and for this purpose 
Commanders should hoist "Division Flag" at the be- 
ginning of the drill before A is hoisted. At and from 
the Fourth Drill these Divisions may unite as a com- 
plete Squadron in one unit, Commanders hoisting 
"'Squadron Flag," either at the beginning of the drill 
or at some time during its progress. When a Squadron 
has more than 12 boats in line it is best for the Flag- 
boat carrying the Commander to be outside the line. 
This is done by hoisting G, and having the Guide Boat 
instructed in advance as to speed, courses, probable 
maneuvers, etc. The Commander continues to issue 
all orders, but is in a much better position to observe 
and direct the evolutions. 

35 



18. Organization. Commanders should plan maneu- 
vers with a view to proper sequence in order to avoid 
contradictory or confusing formations, and in extreme 
emergencies hoist S (break formation), then H (single 
column), preceded by E (Flagboat will act as guide), 
if necessary, and continue the drill. Commanders and 
other officers will find it advantageous to have a crew 
on their boats competent to steer and handle signals, 
thus leaving them free to give or repeat orders and 
observe their execution. Squadron members not own- 
ing boats are particularly good material for such a 
crew. 

19. Squadron Commanders should endeavor to cre- 
ate an efficient working organization by frequent con- 
ferences with their subordinate officers, at which ideas 
and suggestions should be encouraged and discussed. 
Specific duties and responsibilities should be assigned 
and explained. Each Lieutenant should have certain 
boats definitely assigned to him as a Division, and 
should be held responsible for the attendance and effi- 
ciency of such boats and their Captains. Beneficial 
results can be obtained by allowing Lieutenants fre- 
quently to handle their Divisions independently. Signal 
drills with flags may be held ashore during the winter, 
and representations of boats a few inches long, to be 
used on a table, may be made of various materials and 
have been found very valuable in the study of Squadron 
tactics. 

20. The Lieutenant Commander should work in 
close co-operation with the Commander, and have 
definite duties and responsibilities. He may have a 
Division assigned to him, particularly at first, and 
should have frequent opportunities to handle it inde- 
pendently. The command of the Squadron should 
occasionally be turned over to him, and if the Squad- 



36 



ron be very large he may command and be regularly 
responsible for a Second Section. His position in 
line depends on circumstances, and where he can best 
serve the particular purposes of the day's drill. 

21. The Flag Lieutenant is the general executive 
assistant to the Commander. At drills he assembles 
the boats, carries messages, etc., and gets the Squadron 
together as directed. He need not be a boat owner, 
and can be very valuable to the Commander on the 
bridge. A fast launch at his disposal is of great as- 
sistance. 

22. Inspector. Each Local Squadron should have 
at least one Inspector (not necessarily a Lieutenant), 
appointed by the Commander with the approval of 
the District Board of Instruction and Examination. 
It is the duty of Inspectors to see that Squadron boats 
have on board at all times the equipment, etc., re- 
quired by United States laws, and to perform this, and 
other duties, as directed by the Commander or District 
Board, reporting in such manner and form as said 
Board may designate. Inspectors should be provided 
with proper credentials. 

23. When Passing in Review the best formation is 
double column, with the reviewing boat between the 
columns. Commanders should so maneuver the Squad- 
ron as to accomplish this to best advantage, but may 
at their discretion use single column or some other 
formation as local conditions may make it advisable. 
(See Yacht Routine for signal etiquette.) 

24. The Chief Commander will be glad at all times 
to consider questions and problems, not specifically 
covered in the Drill and Code Book, and Squadron 
Commanders should not hesitate to seek his advice. 



37 



MEMORANDA 



38 



CLUB CODE— SPECIAL SIGNALS 

A — Accident. 

B —Protest. 

C — Yes — Affirmative — Assent 

D — No — Negative — Refusal. 

E — Do you assent to postponing the race until 

later in the day? 

F — Do you assent to calling race off for the day? 

G — Race postponed until later in the day. 

H — Race postponed for the day. 

I — Race postponed 

J — Race is off. 

K — Race will be called at 

L — Finish race off. 

M — Race will finish at end of first round. 

N — The starting line will be shifted. 

O — Mark has shifted; this vessel is the mark. 

P — Preparatory signal. 

Q — Surgeon is wanted on board immediately. 

R — Man overboard. 

S — I want a pilot. 

T — Club launch wanted. 

U — Get under way at 

V — Permission to leave Fleet is requested. 

W — Permission to disregard orders is requested. 
X — Permission granted. 

Y — Come within hail. 



39 



CLUB CODE — GENERAL SIGNALS 

BA —Start at 

BC — Start from 

BD —Start for 

BE — The Fleet will not start at present. 
BF —The Fleet will not start today. 

BG — The Fleet will not start until 

BH —Proceed to 

BI — Proceed at will. 

BJ — May I proceed at will? 

BK — Proceed to at 

BL — Anchor near me. 

BM — Anchor at 

BN —Where are we to anchor? 

BO — Anchor for the night at 

BP —Anchor at will. 

BQ — Are you going to anchor at ? 

BR — Return to anchorage. 
BS — Anchor clear of the c^ annel. 
BT — Intend to anchor during fog. 
BU — Where are you bound? 

BV — Bound for 

BW — Where are you from? 
BX — Come from ...... 

BY — When did you leave (or pass) ? 

BZ — 

CA — Regatta Committee report on board this 

vessel at 

CB — Is Regatta Committee on board? 
CD — When will race be started? 

CE — Race will be started at 

CF — Do you agree to race tomorrow? 

40 



CH 


J. lie t^U 

— Course 


UISC 

No. 


win uc 

1. 


CI 


— Course 


No. 


2. 


CJ 


— Course 


No. 


3. 


CK 


— Course 


No. 


4. 


CL 


— Course 


No. 


S. 



CM — Report of Regatta Committee now ready. 
CN — Spare hands for race wanted. 

CO — Will you join Fleet at ? 

CP ^ Will join Fleet at 

CQ — Take time at finish. 
CR — This yacht will take time at finish. 
CS — Finish here. 

CT — Single-masted vessels and yawls. 
CU — Schooners. 
CV — Sloops. 
CW— Yawls. 
CX — -Steam yachts. 
CY — Auxiliaries. 
CZ — Power boats. 
DA —Do you understand my signal? 
DB — Cannot understand your signal. 
DC — Repeat my signal. 

DE — Have you an International Code Book? 
1)F — Have no International Code Book. 
DG — Shift signal to more conspicuous hoist. 
DH — Signal not understood though flags are dis- 
tinguished. 
DI — Previous signal annulled. 
DJ — Unable to comply with signal. 
DK — Dress ship tomorrow at morning colors. 

DL — The Fleet will illuminate at 

DM — Dress ship at 

DN — Send your boat ashore. 
DO — Send your launch ashore. 

41 



DP — Send your boat alongside. 

DQ — All boats belonging to this yacht return at 

once. 
DR — Cannot send boat — launch — dingey. 
DS — Pick up boats adrift. 

DT — ... -. 

DU— 

DV— • 

DW— 

DX — .-. 

DY — 

DZ -- 

EA — ^Are you in need of assistance? 

EB — Am in need of assistance. 

EC — Vessel is on fire, needs assistance. 

ED — Am aground. 

EF —Am afloat. 

EG — -Am dragging. 

EH — You will be aground at low water. ^ 

EI — Send towboat. 

EJ — Send liawser. 

EK — Send anchor. 

EL — Have 3^ou a chart of ? 

EM — • I want a tow. 

EN — Do you want a tow? 

EO — How is the weather outside? 

EP — Moderate weather outside. 

EQ — Heavy weather outside^ 

ER —Fog outside. 

ES — Clear outside. 

42 



ET -— Calm outside. 

EU — There is a sea on. 

EV — Wind outside is from 

EW — Where can I get coal? 

EX — ^ Where can I get water? 

EY — Need a surgeon; send one from nearest place. 

EZ — Is there a surgeon (or doctor) in the Fleet? 

FA — Captains report on board Flagship at 

FB — Captains and guests are invited on board 
Flagship at 

FC — Captains report on board Flagship on com- 
ing to anchor. 

FD — Meeting of Captains postponed until 

FE — Report on board at 

FG — All yachts in Fleet send a boat to Flagship 
for instructions. 

FH — 

FI — Commodore. 

FJ — 'Vice Commodore. 

FK — Rear Commodore. 

FL — Junior Flag Officers. 

FM — Secretary. 

FN — Fleet Captain. 

FO — Fleet Surgeon. 

FP — Measurer. 

FQ — Regatta Committee. 

FR — Club Station. 

FS — Send a boat to Flagship. 

FT — Wish to communicate with you. 

FU — Congratulations. Well done. 

FV — I wish you a pleasant voyage. 

FW— Thank you. 

FX — will be the Committee Boat. 

FY — Divine service will be held on board Flagship 
at 

43 



FZ — Fleet (or Squadron) is disbanded. 

GA — Will you come on board at ? 

GB — Will you breakfast with me at ? 

GC — Will you lunch with me at ? 

GD — Will you dine with me at ? 

GE — Will meet you on shore at 

GF — Will meet you at the Club at 

GH — V/ill be on board at 

GI — And bring 3^our guests. 

GJ — Send a boat for me. 

GK — Am not going ashore. 

GL — When do you go ashore? 

GM — - Previous engagement prevents. 

GN - 

GO — Order a carriage for me. 
GP — Order a coupe for me. 
GQ — Order an automobile for me. 
GR — 'Will send a reply. 

GS — Are there any letters for me at ? 

GT — Mail for you ashore at ...... 

GU — Bring or send my mail. 

GV — Can you take a letter or telegram for me? 

GW— At once. 

GX — ■ Have you any newspapers? 

GY — - 

GZ — 



44 



ADDITIONAL CONVERSATIONAL SIGNALS 

LK — How are you? 

LM — Very well. 

LN— Fairly. 

LO — Poorly. 

LP — It is rather rough. 

LQ — Is it too rough for comfort aboard youi 

boat? 
LR — Is this not a fine day? 
LS — Are you enjoying the trip? 
LT —Are your guests enjoying the trip? 
LU — Are your guests seasick? 
LV — Have your guests left you? 
LW — Are you taking much water aboard? 
LX — Do you think it will rain? 
LY — Do you think it will blow? 
LZ — Do you think it will clear? 
MA — Do you think the fog is coming in? 
MB — Do you think the fog is lifting? 
MC — Good-bye and good luck. 
MD — Will you come aboard when we come to 

anchor? 
ME — Will you come aboard now? 
MF — Will come aboard later. 

MG — Will come aboard at 

MH — Do you wish to put into ? 

MI — How is your motor running? 
MJ — My motor is running badly. 

MK — When do you expect to be in ? 

ML — Are you in shoal water? 
MN — I am in shoal water. 
MO — Deep water is to starboard. 
MP — Deep water is to port. 

46 



MQ- 


-Deep 


water is astern. 


^ 




MR- 


-Deep 


water is ahead. 






MS - 












MT- 












MU- 












MV- 












MW- 












MX- 
















NUMBERS 






Signals flown with numbers on 


separate hoist are j 


directed only 


to boats of numbers 


indicated. 


When 


flown with Repeater above numbe 


irs refer to speed | 


in knots. 










XA 


— I 


XS 


— 15 


YL 


— 33 


XB 


— 2 


XT 


— 16 


YM 


— 34 


XC 


— 3 


XU 


— 17 


YN 


— 35 


XD 


— . 4 


XV 


— 18 


YO 


— 36 


XE 


— 5 


XW 


— 19 


YP 


— 37 


XF 


- 5i 


XY 


— 20 


YQ 


— 38 


XG 


— 6 


XZ 


— 21 


YR 


— 39 


XH 


- 6i 


YA 


— 22 


YS 


— 40 


XI 


— 7 


YB 


— 23 


YT 


— 41 


xj 


- 7i 


YC 


— 24 


YU 


— 42 


XK 


~ 8 


YD 


— 25 


YV 


— 43 


XL 


- 8J 


YE 


— 26 


YW 


— 44 


XM 


— 9 


YF 


— 27 


YX 


— 45 


XN 


— 10 


YG 


— 23 


YZ 


— 46 


XO 


— n 


YH 


— 29 


ZA 


— 47 


XP 


— 12 


YI 


— 30 


ZB 


— 48 


XQ 


— 13 


YJ 


— 31 


ZC 


— 49 


XR 


— 14 


YK 


— 32 
46 


ZD 


— 50 



NAMES OF PLACES AND FAIRWAYS 

NA — Absecon Light, N. J. 

NB — Annapolis, Md. 

NC — Ardsley on Hudson, N. Y. 

ND — Atlantic Highlands, N. J. 

NE — Baker's Island Light, Me. 

NF — Baltimore, Md. 

NG — Bangor, Me. 

NH — Bar Harbor, Me. 

NI — Bar Island, North side of Bar Harbor, Me. 

NJ — Barnegat Light, N. J. 

NK — Bartlett Reef Light Vessel. 

NL — Bath, Me. 

NM — Bass Harbor, Me. 

NO — Bay Ridge, New York Bay. 

NP — Beaver Tail, R. I. 

NQ -— Belfast, Me. 

NR — Beverly, Mass. 

NS — Black Rock Harbor, Conn. 

NT —Block Island, R. I., East Harbor. 

NU — Block Island, West Harbor, Great Pond. 

NV — Brenton Reef Light Vessel. 

NW— Bristol, R. L 

NX —Boon Island, Me. 

NY — Boothbay, Me. 

NZ — Boston, Mass. 

OA — Boston Light Vessel, Mass. 

OB —Camden, Me. ^ 

OC — Campobello, N. B. 

OD — Cape Ann, Mass. 

OE — Cape Charles, Va. 

OF —Cape Cod, Mass. 

OG — Cape Elizabeth, Me. 



47 



OH — Cape Hatteras, N. C. 

OI — Cape Henlopen, Del. 

OJ — Cape Henry, Va. 

OK — Cape May, N. J. 

OL — Cape Poge, Mass. 

OM — Cape Porpoise Harbor, Me. 

ON — Cape Sable, N. S. 

OP — Captain's Island Light House, Conn. 

OQ — Casco Bay, Me. 

OR — Casco Passage, Me. 

OS — Castine, Me. 

OT — Chatham Lights, Mass. 

OU — ■ Chatham Roads, Mass. 

OV — City Island, N. Y. 

OW— Cold Spring Harbor, L. L, N. Y. 

OX — Clark's Point, Buzzards Bay, Mass. 

O Y — Coney Island Point, N. Y. 

OZ — Cornfield Point Light Vessel. 

PA — " Cranberry Island, Me. 

PB — Cross Rip Light Vessel. 

PC —Cutler, Little River, Me. 

PD — Cuttyhunk, Mass. 

PE — Deer Island Thoroughfare, Me. 

PF — Delaware Breakwater, Del. 

PG — Duck Island Breakwater, Conn. 

PH —Dutch Island Harbor, R. I. 

PI — East Chop, Vineyard Haven, Mass. 

PJ — ' Eastern Point Breakwater, Mass. 

PK — Eastport, Me. 

PL — Eatorilfe Neck, N. Y. 

PM — Edgartown, Mass. 

PN — Eggemoggin Reach, Me. 

PO — Egg Rock, Frenchmen's Bay, Me. 

PQ — Faulkner Island, Conn. 

PR — Fire Island, N. Y. 



4S 



PS — Fire Island Light Vessel. 

PT — Fisher's Island Sound. 

PU — Five Fathom Bank Light Vessel. 

PV — Franklin Island Light House, Me. 

PW— Fort Pond Bay, N. Y. 

PX — Fortress Monroe, Va. 

PY — Fox Island Thoroughfare, Me. 

PZ —Gardner's Island, N. Y. 

QA — Gardner's Bay, N. Y. 

QB — Gay Head, Mass. 

QC — Gilkey Harbor, Isleboro, Me. 

QD — Glen Cove, N. Y. 

QE — Gloucester, Mass. 

QF — Gloucester, Eastern Point. 

QG — Goat Island, Me. 

QH — Grand Manan, N. B. 

QI — Grand Manan Channel, N. B. 

QJ — Graves, The, Mass. 

QK — Gravesend Bay, N. Y. 

QL — Greenport, N. Y. 

QM — Greenwich, Conn. 

QN — Greene's Ledge Light, Norwalk, Conn. 

QO — Half Way Rock, Mass. 

QP — Half Way Rock, Me. 

QR — Halifax, N. S. 

QS — Hampton Roads, Va. 

QT — Harding's Ledge, Mass. 

QU — Harpswell Sound, Me. 

QV — Head Flarbor, N. B. 

QW — Hen and Chickens Light Vessel, Mass 

QX — Highland Light, Mass. 

QY — Horseshoe, N. J. 

QZ — Horton Point, N. Y. 

RA — Hull, Mass. 

RB —Huntington Bay, N. Y. 



49 



RC — Hyannis Port, Mass. 

RD — Isles of Shoals, N. H. 

RE — Kittery, Me. 

RF — Larchmont Harbor, N. Y. 

RG — Lloyd Harbor, N. Y. 

RH — Machiasport, Me. 

RI — Marblehead, Mass. 

RJ — Marblehead Rock, Mass. 

RK — Martinicus Island, Me. 

RL — Mattinicock Point, N. Y. 

RM — Monhegan, Me. 

RN — Monomoy, Mass. 

RO — Montauk Point, N. Y. 

RP — Morris Cove, Conn. 

RQ — Mount Desert Rock, Me. 

RS — Muscle Ridge Channel, Me. 

RT — Nahant, Mass. 

RU — National Harbor of Refuge, Del. 

RV — Nantasket Roads, Mass. 

RW — Nantucket, Mass. 

RX — Nantucket Shoals. 

RY — Napeaque, N. Y. 

RZ — Narragansett Pier, R. I. 

SA — Nauset Beacons, Mass. 

SB —New Bedford, Mass. 

SC — Newburyport, Mass. 

SD — New Haven, Conn. 

SE — New London (town), Conn. 

SF — New London Light House, Conn. 

SG —Newport, R. L 

SH —New Rochelle, N. Y. 

SI — New York, N. Y. 

SJ — Norfolk, Va. 

SK —North East End Light Vessel, N. J. 

SL —North East Harbor, Me. 



50 



SM — Northport, N. Y. 

SN — Old Field Point Light, N. Y. 

SO — Oyster Bay, L. I., N. Y. 

SP — Orient Point Light, N. Y. 

SQ — Peak's Island, Portland, Me. 

SR — Penfield Reef Light, Conn. 

ST —Plum Gut, N. Y. 

SU — Point Judith, R. I. 

SV —Point Judith Breakwater, R. I. 

SW — Pollock Rip Light Vessel, Mass. 

SX — Port Jefferson, N. Y. 

SY — Portland, Me. 

SZ — Portland Light Vessel. 

TA — Portsmouth, N. H. 

TB — Portsmouth, Little Harbor, N. H. 

TC —Potts Harbor, Me. 

TD — Provincetown, Mass. 

TE — Providence, R. I. 

TF —Quick's Hole, Mass. 

TG — Race Rock Light, N. Y. 

TH — Race, The, N. Y. 

TI — Riverside, Conn. 

TJ —Rockland, Me. 

TK — Rockport, Me. 

TL — Sag Harbor, N. Y. 

TM — Salem, Mass. 

TN — Sandy Hook, N. J. 

TO — ■ (Sandy Hook) Ambrose Channel Light 

Vessel. 
TP — Saybrook Breakwater, Conn. 
TQ — Seagirt Light, N. J. 
TR — Seal Island Light, N. S. 
TS — • Sequin Island, Me. 
TU — Scotland Light Vessel. 
TV — Sheffield Island Light Hoilse, Conn. 

51 



TW— Shelter Island, N. Y. 

TX — Shinnecock Light, N. Y. 

TY — Shrewsbury Rocks, N. J. 

TZ — Small Point Harbor, Me. 

UA — Somes Sound, Me. 

UB — South West Harbor, Me. 

UC — South West Ledge, New Haven, Conn. 

UD — St. John, N. B. 

UE — Stamford, Conn. 

UF — Stapleton, S. L, N. Y. 

UG — Stonington, Conn. 

UH — " vStratford Point Light, Conn. 

UI — Stratford Shoal Light Vessel, Conn. 

UJ — Tarpaulin Cove, Mass. 

UK — Tennant Harbor, Me. 

UL — 'Thimble Islands, Conn. 

UM — Tompkinsville, S. I., N. Y. 

UN — Twenty-third Street, E. R., N. Y. 

UO — Vineyard Haven, Mass. 

UP — Vineyard Sound Light Vessel, Mass. 

UQ — Watchhill, R. I. 

UR — West Chop, Mass. 

US —West Island, R. I. 

UT —Whitehead Island Light, Me. 

UV — Whitestone Landing, N. Y. 

UW— Winter Harbor, Me. 

UX — Woods Hole, Mass. 

UY —Wood Island, Me. 

UZ — Port Clyde, Me. 

VA — Wellfleet, Mass. 

VB — Barnstable, Mass. 

VC — Cape Cod, Canal, North Entrance. 

YD — Cape Cod, Canal, South Entrance. 

VE —Plymouth, Mass. 

VF — Duxbury, Mass. 

52 



VG — Green Harbor, Mass. 

VH — North River, Mass. 

VI — Scituate, Mass. 

VJ — Cohasset, Mass. 

VK — Hull Gut, Mass. 

VL — Nantasket Wier River, Mass. 

VM— Hingham,— H. Y. C— Mass. 

VN — Weymouth, Mass. 

VO — Fore River, Mass. 

VP — Quincy Yacht Club. 

VQ — West Passage — City Point to Hull, Mass. 

VR — Main Ship Channel, Boston. 

VS — Broad Sound, Boston. 

VT — Deer Island Channel, Boston. 

VU — Shirley, Mass. 

VW— Winthrop,—W. Y. C— Mass. 

VX — Cottage Park Y. C, Mass. 

VY — East Boston, Mass. 

VZ — Mystic River, Mass. 

WA — Charles River, Mass. 

WB— B. Y. C, Rowes Wharf, Boston. 

WC— B. Y. C, South Boston. 

WD — Neponset River, Mass. 

WE— Savin Hall, Mass. 

WF — Lynn, Mass. 

WG — Manchester, Mass. 

WH — Magnolia, Mass. 

WI — Squam River, Mass. 

WJ — Annisquam, — A. Y. C. — Mass. 

WK — Rockport, Mass. 

WL — Ipswich, Mass. 

WM— York Harbor, Me. 

WN — Kennebunkport, Me. 

WO— Biddeford Pool, Me. 

WP — Saco River, Me. 

63. 



WQ— Prout's Neck, Me. 

WR— 

WS— 

WT— 

WU— 

WV— 

WX— 

WY— 

WZ— 



DAYS OF THE WEEK 



IQ — Sunday 
IR — Monday 
IS — Tuesday 
IT —Wednesday 
lU — Thursday 



IV — Friday 
IW — Saturday 
IX — Today 
lY ^- Tomorrow 
IZ — Yesterday 



54 





HOURS 


OF THE DAY 




JA — 12 noon 


KA — 12 midnight 


JB —12.30 


P.M. 


KB — 12.30 A 


. M. 


JC — 1.00 


<( 


KC — 1.00 




JD — 1.30 


it 


KD— 1.30 




JE — 2.00 


it 


KE— 2.00 




JF — 2.30 


it 


KF — 2.30 




JG — 3.00 


it 


KG — 3.00 




JH — 3.30 


it 


KH— 3.30 




JI — 4.00 


ii 


KI — 4.00 




JK — 4.30 


a 


KJ — 4.30 




JL — 5.00 


it 


KL— 5.00 




JM — 5.30 


tt 


KM— 5.30 




JN — 6.00 


'* 


KN— 6.00 




JO — 6.30 


it 


KO— 6.30 




JP — 7.00 


" 


KP — 7.00 




JQ — 7.30 


it 


KQ— 7.30 




JR — 8.00 


it 


KR— 8.00 




JS — 8.30 


it 


KS — 8.30 




JT — 9.00 


'» 


KT — 9.00 




JU — 9.30 


a 


KU— 9.30 


j 


JV —10.00 


a 


KV — 10.00 




JW — 10.30 


it 


KW— 10.30 




JX —11.00 


it 


KX — 11.00 




JY —11.30 


it 


KY— 11.30 
55 





COMPASS SIGNALS 


From International Code 


AQD — North 


ARL — South 


AQE — N. 4 E. 


ARM — S.4W. 


AQF — N. by E. 


ARN— S.byW. 


AQG — N. by E. i E. 


ARO — S. by W. 4 W. 


AQH — N.N.E. 


ARP — S. S. W. 


AQI — N. N. E. iE. 


ARQ — S. S.W. 4W. 


AQJ — N.E.byN. 


ARS — S.W.byS. 


AQK — N. E. 4 N. 


ART — S. W. 4 S. 


AQL — N. E. 


ARU — S. W. 


AQM— N.E,4E. 


ARV — S. W. 4 W. 


AQN — N.E.byE. 


ARW— S. W. by W. 


AQO — N.E.byE.4E. 


ARX — S. W. by W. 4 W. 


AQP — E. N. E. 


ARY— W. S.W. 


AQR ~ E. N. E. 4 E. 


ARZ -.W. S.W.4W. 


AQS — E. by N. 


ASB —W.byS. 


AQT -- E. 4 N. 


ASC — W.4S. 


AQU -. East 


ASD —West 


AQV ^ E. 4 S. 


ASE — W. 4 N. 


AQW— E. by S. 


ASF — W.byN. 


AQX — E. S. E. 4 E. 


ASG — W. N. W. 4 W. 


AQY — E. S. E. 


ASH — W. N. W. 


AQZ — S. E. by E. 4 E. 


ASI — N.W.byW. 4W. 


ARB — S. E. by E. 


ASJ —N.W.byW. 


ARC -- S. E. 4 E. 


ASK — N. Vi. 4 W. 


ARD ^.S. E. 


ASL — N. W. 


ARE — S. E. 4 S. 


ASM — N. W. 4 N. 


ARF — S. E. by S. 


ASN — N. W. by N. 


ARG — S. S. E. 4 E. 


ASO — N. N. W. 4 W. 


ARH — S. S. E. 


ASP — N. N. W. 


ARI — S.byE.4E. . 


ASQ — N. by W. 4 W. 


ARJ -S.byE. 


ASR — N. by W. 


ARK — S. 4 E. 


AST — N.4W. 




56 



NUMBERS OF MEMBERS AND BOATS 
ENROLLED 

1 — XA 

2-.XB : 

3 — XC 

4 — XD - .-.: 

5 — XE .- - 

6— XG 

7 — XI 

8 — XK 

9 — XM 

10 — XN 

1 1 — XO :.. 

12 — XP 

13 — XQ - 

14 — XR 

15 — XS 

16 — XT 

17 — xu :.. 

18 — XV 

57 



19 — XW 

20 — XY 

21 — XZ 

22 — YA 

23 — YB 

24 — YC 

25 — YD 

26 — YE 

27 — YF 

28 — YG 

29 — YH 

30 — YI 

31 — YJ 

32 — YK 

33 — YL 

34 — YM 

35 — YN 

36 — YO 

37 — YP 

38 — YQ 

58 



39 — YR 

40 — YS 

41 — YT 

42 — YU 

43 — YV 

44 — YW 

45 — YX 

46 — YZ 

47 — ZA 

48 — ZB 

49 — ZC 

50 — ZD 

51 — ZE 

52 — ZF 

53 — ZG 

54 — ZH 

55 — ZI 

56 — ZJ 

57 — ZK 

58 — ZL 

59 



59 — ZM 

60 — ZN 

61 — ZO 

62 — ZP 

63 — ZQ 
64-— ZR 

65 — ZS 

66 — ZT 

67 — ZU 

68 — ZV 

69 — ZW 

70 — ZX 

71 — ZY 



60 



SIGNALS WITH FLAGS, LANTERNS, OR 
FLASHING LIGHTS. 

U. S. NAVY SYSTEMS. 

Signals by all these systems are spelled-out messages 
unless preceded by "signals/' in which case they are 
to be found in the Code Book. A return to spelling 
is indicated by "letters." 

Call boats by signalling THEIR numbers. 

Acknowledge call by signalling YOUR OWN num- 
ber. 

When signal is completed, signal YOUR OWN 
number, preceded by "SIG." 

When signal is understood, signal the sign for 
acknowledgment. 

If signal is not understood, signal "Interrogatory," 
or other special signal. 

INTERNATIONAL MORSE CODE. 

For Signalling with Flag, Hand Lantern, or 

Flashing Light. 

A . — N — . 

B — . . . O 

D Q 

E . R 

F . S . . . 

G T — 

H . . . . U . . — 

I . . V . . . — 

K — . — X — . . — 

L . Y 

M Z . 



61 



^ 



1 . 


Numerals. 

6 — ... . 


3 . . 

4 .... — 
5 




8 




Cornet 

Letters (follow) — 
Signals (follow) . . 
Interval or 

Designator . — . 

Negative (K) — 





Preparatory (L) . 
. Annulling (N) — 
Interrogatory (O) 
Affirmative (P) . 



WIGWAG SYSTEM. 

This system is directly applicable to signalling with 
hand flag, hand torch, electric portable light, hand lan- 
tern or electric searchlight. 

Use Dot and Dash Code with following additional 



Conventional Signs. 

End of word: Front. 

End of sentence: Front, front. 

End of message: Front, front, front. 

Error: A A Front. 

Acknowledgment: M M Front. 

Cease signalling: M M M Front. 

Repeat after (word): C G Front A Front (word). 

Repeat last word: C C Front Front. 

Repeat last message: C C C Front Front Front. 

Execute: H Front. 

Move a little to the right: RR Front. 



Move a little to the left: LL Front. 
Move a little uphill: UU Front. 
Move a little downhill: DD Front. 
Signal faster: F F Front. 
Wait a moment: . — ... Front. 
Signature follows: Sig. Front. 

There is one position and three motions. The posi- 
tion is with the flag or other appliance held vertically, 
the signalman facing directly toward the station with 
which it is desired to communicate. The first motion, 
the dot, is to the right of the sender and will embrace 
an arc of 90 degrees, starting with the vertical and re- 
turning to it, and will be made in a plane at right 
angles to the line connecting the two stations. The 
second motion, the dash, is a similar motion to the 
left of the sender. The third motion, front, is down- 
ward directly in front of the sender and instantly re- 
turned upward to the first position. This is used to 
indicate a pause or conclusion. 

FLASHING LIGHT SYSTEM. 

An electric light may be installed at the masthead, 
visible all around the horizon and controlled from 
deck. Use Dot and Dash Code and Conventional Sig- 
nals of Wigwag System. A short flash represents a 
dot, a longer flash a dash, and a long steady display, 
the 'Tront.'' 

ADROIS SYSTEM. 

U. S. Navy. White and red lights on mast. Use 
Dot and Dash Code except for numerals. A red light 
represents a dot and a white light a dash. The follow- 
ing have a secondary meaning when the upper light 
is pulsated: 

63 



A (RW) Error. S (RRR) Three. 

C (WRWR) Repeat. T (W) Four. 

H (RRRR) Execute. U (RRW) Five. 

K (WRW) Negative. V (RRRW) Six. 

L (RWRR) Preparatory. W (RWW) Seven. 

N (WR) Annulling. X (WRRW) Eight. 

O (WWW) Interrogatory. Y (WRWW) Nine. 

P (RWWR) Affirmative. Z (WWRR) Zero. 

Q (WWRW) One. Interval (RWRW) Desig- 

R (RWR) Two. • nator. 

Conventional Signs. 

End of word: RWRW. 

End of sentence: RWRW, RWRW. 

End of message: RWRW, RWRW, RWRW. 

Acknowledgment: (a) In Flag Code signals repeat 
each display, 
(b) In spelled-out messages make 
RWRW at end of message to 
indicate it is understood. 

SEMAPHORE CODE. 
Conventional Signals. 

End of word: Interval. 

End of sentence: "Chop-Chop.*' Both arms at right 
horizontal and then moved up and down in a cut- 
ting motion. 

End of message: Two successive *'chop-chop'* signals 
and withdrawing the flags from view. 

Repeat after (word): C C Interval A (word). 

Repeat last word: C C Interval twice. 

Repeat last message: C C C Interval three times. 

Signature follows: Sig. Interval. 

64 



THE SEMAPHORE SYSTEM. 



HAND 
FLAGS 



HAND 
FLAGS 



HAND 
FLAGS 



HAND 
FLAGS 




Error 








Exe- 
cute 






Nega- 
tive 



Pre- 
para- 
tory 







Annui- 



Inter- 
roga- 
tory 



Affirm- 
ative 



JL 



5r#^ 







Ac- 

l(nowl- 

edge 






^ 



Desig- 
nator 



SMALL CRAFT, AND HURRICANE WARNINGS. 

Small craft warning. — A red pennant indicates that 
moderately strong winds are expected. 

Storm warning. — A red flag with a black center indi- 
cates that a storm of marked violence is expected. 

The pennants displayed with the flags indicate the 
direction of the wind: White, westerly; red, easterly. 
The pennant above the flag indicates that the wind is 
expected to blow from the northerly quadrants; below, 
from the southerly quadrants. 

By night a red light indicates easterly winds, and a 
white light below a red light, westerly winds. 

Hurricane warning. — Two red flags with black cen- 
ters, displayed one above the other, indicate the ex- 
pected approach of a tropical hurricane, or one of 
those extremely severe and dangerous storms which 
occasionally move across the Lakes and northern At- 
lantic coast. 

Small craft or hurricane warnings are not displayed 
at night. 



66 





Northwesterly winds. Southwesterly winds. 




Tiifif¥^7tffll?l 




Northeasterly winds. Southeasterly winds. 





Small Craft. Hurricane, 



INTERNATIONAL DISTRESS SIGNALS. 

(From the International Code.) 

To use the International Code, hoist the ensign over 
the Code Pennant. 

To reply, hoist the answering pennant (same as Code 
Flag). 

NC — In distress; want immediate assistance. 

DC — We are coming to your assistance. 

EY — Do not attempt to land in your own boats. 

BI — Damaged rudder; cannot steer. 

BJ — Engines broken down; I am disabled. 

JD — You are standing into danger, 

FZ — Heavy weather coming; look sharp. 

FR — Bar is impossible. 

lED —Cast off. 

RIF — Make fast— to— . 

WFQ — Slack away. 

KT — Shift your berth. Your berth is not safe. 

KP — Hold on until high water. 

KH — Remain by the ship. 

AB — Abandon the vessel as fast as possible. 

KD — Landing is impossible. 

KF — Look out for rocket line (or line). 

KA — Endeavor to send a line by boat (cask, kite, 

raft, etc.). 
CX — No assistance can be rendered; do the best 

you can for yourselves. 
KG — Lookout will be kept on the beach all night. 
KE — Lights, or Fires, will be kept at the best place 

for coming on shore. 
KC — Keep a light burning. 

68 



AD — Do not abandon the vessel until the tide has 

ebbed. 
NM — I am on fire. 
NO — I am sinking (or on fire) ; send all available 

boats to save passengers and crew. 
YF — Want assistance; mutiny. 
YL — Want immediate medical assistance. 
YG — Want a boat immediately (if more than one, 

number to follow). 
YP — Want a tug (if more than one, number to 

follow). 
AG — I must abandon the vessel. 
PT —I want a pilot. 
VG — What is name of ship or Signal Station in 

sight? 
DU — Repeat ship's name; your flags were not made 

out. 
WCX — Signal not understood, though the flags are 

distinguished. 
NCX — I cannot make out the flags (or signals). 
C — Assent — Yes. 
D — Negative — No. 

DISTRESS SIGNALS. 

(See Article 31 of International Rules.) 
When a vessel is in distress and requires assistance 
from other vessels or from the shore the following 
shall be the signals to be used or displayed by her, 
either together or separately, namely: 

In the Daytime. 

1. A gun or other explosive signal fired at intervals 
of about a minute. 

2. The International Code signal of distress indi- 
cated by NC. 

69 



3. The distant signal, consisting of a square flag^ 
having either above or below it a ball or anything re- 
sembling a ball. 

4. A continuous sounding with any fog-signal ap- 
paratus. 

At Night. 

1. A gun or other explosive signal fired at intervals 
of about a minute. 

2. Flames on the vessel (as from a burning tar 
barrel, and so forth). 

3. Rockets or shells throwing stars of any color or 
description, fired one at a time, at short intervals. 

4. A continuous sounding with any fog-signal ap- 
paratus. 

INTERNATIONAL LIFE-SAVING SIGNALS. 

1. Upon the discovery of a wreck by night, the life- 
saving force will burn a red pyrotechnic light or a red 
rocket to signify, ''You are seen; assistance will be 
given as soon as possible." 

2. A red flag waved on shore by day, or a red light, 
red rocket, or red Roman candle displayed by night, 
will signify, "Haul away." 

3. A white flag waved on shore by day, or a white 
light slowly swung back and forth, or a white rocket 
or white Roman candle fired by night, will signify, 
''Slack away." 

4. Two flags, a white and a red, waved at the same 
time on shore by day, or two lights, a white and a red, 
slowly swung at the same time, or a blue pyrotechnic 
light burned by night, will signify, "Do not attempt 
to land in your own boats; it is impossible." 

5. A man on shore beckoning by day, or two 
torches burning near together by night, will signify, 
"This is the best place to land." 

70 



BOAT GEAR AND EQUIPMENT. 

Power Squadron boats shall, when possible, carry 

the following equipment and gear: 

1. Anchor with chain or line bent and ready for use. 

2. Bow line coiled ready for use. 

3. Stern line coiled ready for use. 

4. Boat hook in convenient place (two preferable). 

5. Extra pair of oars should be carried. 

6. Boat bucket (folding canvass type is sufficient). 

7. Answering pennant (complete International Code 

desirable) and Union Jack. 

8. One or more circular life buoys (to be placed 

ready for immediate use). 

9. Coston distress signals. 

10. Lantern trimmed, filled and ready for lighting (for 

use in tender as required by law). 

11. Lead and line properly marked. 

12. Running lights, fog horn, fog bell, whistle, life 

preservers, fire extinguishers, pilot rules, etc., 
as required by law. 

13. Fenders, large and small. 

14. Emergency medical box. 

15. Sea anchor. 

16. Fire axe. 

HANDLING BOATS. 

1. Make landings at slow speed. To keep too much 
headway and depend upon machinery for re- 
versing is poor seamanship. 

71 



2. Navigators should know the effect of the screw on 

the steering. Generally speaking, the right- 
handed screw when going ahead tends to 
throw the stern to starboard; when backing, 
to port. The stern is always pulled around in 
the direction the propeller is turning. When 
turning a power boat, the rudder should be 
shifted when the propeller is shifted. 

3. Landings are more easily made if the navigator 

bears in mind the action of the propeller. For 
instance, a boat with a right-hand propeller can 
more easily effect a landing on the left-hand 
side of the slip or float, by keeping the bow of 
the boat in close and the stern out, for by 
backing with the bow line fast the boat can 
easily be brought alongside the slip or float 
without any chance of accident. 

4. In towing, the stern of the towing boat should be 

kept well down by shifting weights aft, if neces- 
sary. This keeps the propeller well immersed 
and gives it a good hold on the water. 

5. When running in a seaway, speed should always 

be reduced somewhat not only to avoid ship- 
ping seas but to reduce the strain on the ma- 
chinery, due to the racing of the screw. In 
running into a sea, it is possible by careful 
navigating to make fair speed, watching the 
seas and slowing or even stopping for a mo- 
ment as heavy ones are seen bearing down 
upon the boat. If running more or less across 
the sea, it is well to head up momentarily for 
a heavy wave. 



72 



YACHTING AND FLAG ETIQUETTE. 

Power Squadron Members are obliged to pass an 
examination before they receive a certificate. This is 
very important, but it is also important that all mem- 
bers should understand yachting and flag etiquette. A 
boat is often known by the manner in which flags are 
displayed, and we do not want our Squadron boats to 
be criticized in this respect. The use of the flags can 
be summed up as follows: 

Club Burgees are triangular in shape. 

Owners' private signals are usually swallow tail. 

Flag Officers' Flags are rectangular. 

Blue designates Senior in rank. 

Red next in rank. 

White next in rank. 
Do not fly two flags on the same hoist. 
Do not display the Union Jack except on Sundays 
and holidays when at anchor, and never when under 
way. 

Do not display your flags before eight A. M. or after 
sunset, except as later specified. 



73 



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74 



SQUADRO N YACHT ROUTINE 

SECTION I. 
distinguishing flags and signals. 

1. Rank. 

In making colors, salutes, etc., the boat always 
represents the rank of its owner, whether he be 
aboard or not. 

2. Entering Port Before or After Colors. 

When a boat comes to anchor or gets under way 
her colors should be hoisted, although the time is 
earlier or later than eight A. M. or sundown, pro- 
vided there be sufficient light for the colors to be 
recognized. On entering harbor under such cir- 
cumstances the colors should be hauled down im- 
mediately after anchoring. At all other times a 
boat should fly, between sunset and morning col- 
ors, a night pennant at the main. 

3. Half-Mast Colors. 

On occasions of national mourning the ensign 
only should be half-masted. On the death of a 
boat owner the burgee and his private signal, but 
not the ensign, should be half-masted. When 
mourning is ordered for the death of a member 
the burgee only should be half-masted. This rule 
should apply to a boat both at anchor and under 
way. 

4. Colors: How Half-Masted. 

In half-masting colors they should, if not previ- 
ously hoisted be first mast-headed and then low- 
ered to half-mast. Before lowering from half- 
mast colors should be first mast-headed and then 
lowered. When the ensign is at half-mast it 
should be mast-headed before making or returning 
a salute. 

75 



5. Unofficial Presence of Flag Officer. 

A flag officer embarked in a boat not flying his 
distinctive flag, should be considered as present 
in an unofficial capacity. 

6. When two or more boats are sailing in company, 
or are at anchor in sight of each other, they shall 
take the time for colors from the oflicer in com- 
mand. No guns shall be fired for colors except 
by the boat giving the time, or between colors at 
sunset and colors the next morning, or on Sun- 
days. 

SECTION II. 
dressing ship. 

1. General Rule. 

In dressing ship rectangular flags should alter- 
nate with pennants on the distance lines whenever 
possible. 

2. Distinctive Flags and Foreign Ensigns. 

Flag officers' flags and burgees should not be 
used in dressing ship, nor should the ensign of 
any foreign nation be displayed, except when the 
dressing is in compliment to such nation. On this 
occasion the foreign ensign should be displayed 
at the fore truck. 

3. National Anniversaries. 

On the Fourth of July, and when ordered on 
other national anniversaries, a boat in commis- 
sion, not under way, should, when the weather 
permits, dress ship at 8 A. M., and remain dressed 
until sunset. When said anniversaries occur on 
Sunday, all special ceremonies should be post- 
poned to the following day. 

4. On special occasions, such as marine parades, 
a steam boat under way, or a sailing boat under 
tow, mpv dress ship. 

76 



SECTION III. 

SALUTES. 

1. Steam Whistles. 

Steam whistles should never be used in saluting. 

2. Guns. 

Gun salutes should be avoided as much as pos- 
sible. 

3. Ensigns. 

All salutes, except as hereinafter provided, 
should be made by dipping the ensign. 

4. Vessels of the U. S. Navy. 

Vessels of the United States Navy should be 
saluted by dipping the ensign once. 

5. Commander. 

On joining the Squadron at the beginning of a 
season the Commander should, on coming to an- 
chor, be saluted by the boats present firing one 
gun or dipping the ensign once. On all other 
occasions the Commander should be saluted on 
coming to anchor only by the officer in command 
of the anchorage, who will fire one gun. 

6. Junior Flag Officer. 

A junior flag officer should be saluted only by 
the officer in command of the anchorage by dip- 
ping the ensign once, unless the latter be senior 
in rank, in which case he should be saluted. 

7. Captains. 

A Captain should salute the senior officer pres- 
ent by dipping the ensign once. 

8. Passing. 

The salute for passing boats is one dip of the 
ensign. 

77 



9. Boats Entering Port. 

When entering port a boat should salute by 
dipping the ensign once when the anchor is let 
go. A boat entitled to a salute, entering port, 
should be saluted by dipping the ensign once when 
the anchor is let go. 

10. Saluting a Foreign Club. 

On coming to anchor a boat should salute a 
foreign club by dipping the ensign once. 

11. After Sunset_, etc. 

The salute to or from a boat arriving after 
sunset should be made immediately after the next 
morning colors. 

12. During Official Visit of a Flag Officer. 

When a flag officer makes an official visit his 
flag should be hoisted at the fore on a boat with 
two or more masts, and at the main on a single- 
masted boat, and kept flying while he remains on 
board. 

When a flag officer leaves, and is well clear of 
the boat, one gun should be fired and his flag 
be hauled down. 

13. Saluting Quarter-Deck. 

When a boat is boarded or left the quarter-deck 
should be saluted by touching the cap. 

SECTION IV. 
officers in command of anchorage. 
1. Duties. 

The senior officer present should command the 
anchorage, give the time for colors, make and 
return salutes, visits, etc. 

78 



2. Station Vessel. 

His boat should remain the station vessel until 
a senior in rank arrives and assumes command 
of the anchorage. 

SECTION V. 
with the squadron. 

1. Joining or Parting Company. 

A boat should report to the senior officer on 
joining the Squadron, and should obtain his per- 
mission before leaving it. 

2. Salutes from Single Boats. 

Salutes from a single boat at sea should be 
answered only by the Flagship. 

3. Passing in Review. 

When passing in review each boat salutes the 
reviewing boat by dipping the ensign once on 
passing and reviewing boat acknowledges each 
salute by dipping the ensign once. 



SECTION VI. 

BOAT service. 

Precedence. 

The order of entering and leaving boats is, 
juniors enter first and leave last. 

Boat Flags. 

When in boats flag officers and Lieutenants 
should fly their distinctive flags, Captains their 
private signals, and members the burgee. The 
flag of the senior officer embarked has precedence. 

79 



officers, four members at large and the chairmen, ex- 
officiis, of the Committees on Rules and on Instruction 
and Examination, and may also include a representative 
appointed by the Navy Department and a representative 
appointed by the Department of Commerce. 

Sect. 3. There shall be a Committee on Rules and a 
Committee on Instruction and Examination, each to con- 
sist of three members. 

ARTICLE III. 

DUTIES. 

Section 1. The Chairman of the Governing Board 
shall have the powers of President, shall preside at all 
meetings of the Board and of the Corporation, and shall 
perform such other duties as may be required by the 
Board. 

The Chief Commander shall be the general executive 
officer and, in the absence of the Chairman of the Gov- 
erning Board, shall preside at all meetings. He may take 
command of the fleet when the boats of two or more 
Squadrons are assembled together, and shall perform such 
other duties as may be required by the Governing Board. 

The Vice-Commander shall assist the Chief Commander 
in the discharge of his duties and, in his absence, act in 
his stead. 

The Rear-Commander shall assist the Chief Commander 
and Vice-Commander in the discharge of their duties and, 
in their absence, act in their stead. 

In the absence of the foregoing officers, when two or 
more Local Squadrons are together, the senior officer 
present shall take command. 

The Chief Commander may appoint a Flag Lieutenant 
and such aides as may be required who shall perform 
such duties as he shall designate and serve during his 
pleasure and need not be members of the corporation. 

82 



Sect. 2. The Secretary shall have the powers of Clerk 
and 

(a) Keep a record of the proceedings of the corpora- 
tion, and of all matters of which a record shall 
be deemed advisable by the Governing Board, in 
books belonging to the corporation, which records 
shall at all reasonable times be open to the inspec- 
tion of any member of the corporation. 

(b) Keep a list of the Local Squadrons declared eli- 
gible to representation by delegate members and of 
the number of members in each. 

(c) Keep a list of delegate members as reported by the 
Secretaries of Local Squadrons. 

(d) File all documents, records, reports and communi- 
cations connected with the business of the corpora- 
tion. 

(e) Cause to be printed each year Year Books contain- 
ing the By-Laws, a list of Local Squadrons en- 
rolled with the number of members belonging to 
each as reported by their respective Secretaries 
for April first of said year, charts showing the 
various Squadron flags, distinguishing flags and the 
Signal Code with other necessary information. 

Said books, with or without covers, shall be furnished 
at cost to Local Squadrons in such numbers, as they may 
designate, on May first of each year, they will require. 

Three bound copies shall be sent free to each Local 
Squadron enrolled, not later than June first of each year. 
(/) Notify the Secretary of each Local Squadron of 
the declaration by the Board of Governors that it 
is entitled to representation by delegate members 
in accordance with Article VL 
(g) Assign to each Local Squadron a number in ac- 
cordance with the date of such declaration. 

83 



(h) Notify all members qualified to vote of every meet- 
ing, 
(i) Act as Secretary of the Governing Board. 
(/) Make a report at the annual meeting. 
Sect. 3. The Treasurer shall : 

(a) Collect and hold all moneys payable to the cor- 
poration. 

(b) Pay all bills contracted by the corporation which 
shall be certified by two members of the Governing 
Board or by the Chairman of any Committee which 
has contracted any such bill by virtue of any ap- 
propriation by the Governing Board. 

(c) Make a report at the annual meeting in each year 
of all his receipts and disbursements during the 
previous calendar year, and of the amount remain- 
ing in his possession at the end of said year. 

(d) Notify each member whose dues are in arrears on 
the first day of May. 

(e) The Treasurer shall give bond, with sureties, in 
such amount as the Governing Board may approve. 

Sect. 4. The Governing Board shall: 

(a) Have general charge of the policy and finances of 
the corporation and shall appropriate to the use of 
each Committee such sums as may be deemed ad- 
visable for the interests of the corporation and 
within its resources. 

(b) Pass upon the application of Local Squadrons for 
representation by delegate members in this cor- 
poration. 

Sect. 5. The Committee on Rules shall receive, con- 
sider, formulate, and report upon such suggestions for 
changes in or amendments to the By-Laws as may come 
from any source, and at the Annual Meeting, or at any 
other general meeting, shall make recommendations as to 
what action should be taken regarding said changes. 

84 



Sect. 6. The Committee on Instruction and Examina- 
tion, subject to the approval of the Governing Board, shall 
have general supervision of the Boards of Instruction and 
Examination in the various districts, shall see that said 
Boards maintain suitable standards before awarding cer- 
tificates, shall determine of what an examination shall 
consist and shall see that in general the same examination 
shall be used by all of said Boards. Said Committee, sub- 
ject as aforesaid, shall formulate and prescribe rules and 
standards for the examination and qualification of any 
kind or grades of membership provided for in these By- 
Laws, and shall issue certificates thereof where so pro- 
vided. 

ARTICLE IV. 

FORMATION OF LOCAL SQUADRONS 

Section 1. A Local Power Squadron may be formed 
in any recognized yacht club, group or association of 
clubs, or other yachting organizations in the United States, 
and as hereinafter provided. Except as hereinafter pro- 
vided, only the members of said club, group or association 
shall be eligible for membership in the Local Squadron, 
but no Local Squadron shall have less than ten boat-own- 
ing members except Local Squadrons for Associate 
Members only. 

Local Squadrons for Associate Members only may be 
formed by districts in such manner as the Governing 
Board may prescribe, and said Board may also in special 
instances determine as to eligibility for Squadron mem- 
bership other than above set forth. 

Sect. 2. Any such club or association which wishes to 
form a Local Power Squadron and be represented by dele- 
gate members in this corporation may make application 
to the Board of Instruction and Examination in its geo- 
graphical district for examination of its members. 

85 



Sect. 3. Only those individuals who satisfactorily pass 
the examination and are awarded certificates shall be rec- 
ognized as members of the Local Squadron by the United 
States Power Squadrons, Inc. 

Sect. 4. No individual shall receive or hold a certifi- 
cate, or fly the distinguishing flag, unless he is a member 
of a club which has a Local Squadron. 

ARTICLE V. 

ADMISSION TO MEMBERSHIP. 

Section 1. Any Local Power Squadron formed in ac- 
cordance with Article IV shall be eligible to representation 
by delegate members. 

Sect. 2. Any Local Power Squadron desiring to be rep- 
resented by delegate members in this corporation shall 
make application to the Secretary of this Corporation, 
who shall send notice of such application to the Secretary 
of each Local Squadron represented by delegate members. 

Sect. 3. At any time after thirty days after said notice 
is mailed to the Secretaries of Local Squadrons, the Gov- 
erning Board may vote upon the application; two negative 
votes shall exclude. Any Squadron which has had its 
application rejected shall not again apply for representa- 
tion by delegate membership for at least one year. 

ARTICLE VI. 
representation. 
Section 1. Any Local Squadron actually formed and 
declared eligible to representation by delegate members 
shall be allowed one delegate member for from ten to 
twenty-five members, ten of whom shall own power boats, 
and one delegate member for each additional twenty-five 
members or fraction thereof. All delegate members may 
vote by proxy at meetings. 

86 



ARTICLE VII. 

DUES. 

Section 1. The annual dues shall be ten dollars for 
each delegate member for the calendar year and shall be 
payable March first. 

Sect. 2. Newly selected delegate members shall pay 
their dues for the current year within sixty days of their 
selection, in default of which such selection shall be null 
and void. 

Sect. 3. If any delegate member has not paid his dues 
on May first he shall be so notified by the Treasurer and 
if not paid by June first his membership in this corpora- 
tion shall cease, unless excused for cause by the Govern- 
ing Board. 

ARTICLE VIII. 

RESIGNATION. 

Section 1. All resignations must be made in writing, 
addressed to the Secretary. 

Sect. 2. No resignation after January first in any year 
shall exempt a delegate member from dues for that year. 

Sect. 3. No resignation of a delegate member shall be 
accepted until all dues are paid. 

ARTICLE IX. 
meetings. 
Section 1. There shall be three general meetings dur- 
ing the year: 

(a) The Annual Meeting on the second Friday in Feb- 
ruary. 

(b) The second on the second Friday in June. 

(c) The third on the second Friday in November. 

87 



Sect. 2. Special meetings may be called at any time by 
the Chairman of the Governing Board or, in his absence, 
by the Chief Commander, and shall be so called at the 
written request of the delegate members representing three 
Local Squadrons. 

Sect. 3. At any meeting five delegate members or in- 
corporators actually present, or two or more delegate 
members with sufficient proxies to make a total of ten, 
shall constitute a quorum. 

Sect. 4. Notices of all meetings, general or special, 
shall be mailed to the last known address of each mem- 
ber at least ten days before such meeting, and only such 
business as is noted in the call shall be transacted at spe- 
cial meetings. 

Sect. 5. Only incorporators, members of the Govern- 
ing Board and Delegate Members shall be entitled to vote 
at meetings of the corporation. 

ARTICLE X. 
nominations and elections. 

Section 1. At the November meeting a Nominating 
Committee of three shall be elected. This Committee shall 
select candidates for all elective offices and committees to 
be voted on at the Annual Meeting, and notify the Sec- 
retary in time for him to print the list of nominees and 
mail it with the call for the Annual Meeting. 

Sect. 2. No other person shall be eligible for election 
at the annual meeting unless his name, endorsed by at 
least five members, shall be filed with the Secretary for 
nomination at least one week before the meeting. 

Sect. 3. The Chairman of the Governing Board, Chief 
Commander, Vice-Commander, Rear-Commander, Secre- 
tary, Treasurer, the four Members at large of the Gov- 
erning Board and the Members of the Committees on 

88 



Rules and on Instruction and Examination shall be elected 
at the Annual Meeting by ballot and shall hold office until 
the next Annual Meeting or until their successors are 
elected. 

Sect. 4. All vacancies occurring among the officers and 
members at large of the Governing Board and in any 
Committee may be filled by the Governing Board until 
the next general or special meeting. 

ARTICLE XI. 

BOARDS OF INSTRUCTION AND EXAMINATION. 

Section 1. There shall be a Board of Instruction and 
Examination appointed by the Governing Board for each 
of the following geographical districts and the Governing 
Board shall appoint Boards of Instruction and Examina- 
tion in such other sections of the United States as may 
become necessary, due to the formation of Local Squad- 
rons, and the list shall be amended accordingly. 

District No. 1 — Coasts of Maine and New Hampshire. 

District No. 2 — Coasts of Massachusetts and Rhode 
Island. 

District No. 3 — Rhode Island and Connecticut Line to 
Hell Gate, including the shore of Long Island to the 
Northward and Westward of Montauk Point. 

District No. 4 — From Hell Gate to Sandy Hook, ex- 
cepting Hudson River, but including the shore of Long 
Island to the Southward and Westward of Montauk 
Point. 

District No. 5 — Hudson River. 

Sect. 2. Each Board shall consist of three members 
residing in its geographical district, at least one of whom 
shall preferably hold a United States Government License 
for steam. If, however, the Navy Department will detail 
an officer in each district for such duty, the Board may 
be increased by the addition of such Naval Officer. 

89 



Sect. 3. Said Boards of Instruction and Examination 
shall instruct and examine applicants for membership in 
the Local Squadrons in their districts in the rules of the 
road, ability to operate and navigate power boats, and 
rules of the United States governing and applying to 
power boats. 

Sect. 4. To every member of a Local Squadron who 
successfully passes the examination of a Board, there will 
be issued a certificate showing that the recipient is quali- 
fied to operate and navigate power boats, such certificate 
to be signed by said Board and countersigned by the 
Local Squadron Secretary, and upon receipt of such cer- 
tificate he shall be enrolled as a member of the Local 
Squadron to which he makes application. 

The certificate to be awarded shall be substantially in 
the following form: 

No 

United States Power Squadrons, Inc. 
Certificate. 

This certifies that has given 

satisfactory evidence to the undersigned ; that he is com- 
petent to operate and navigate a power boat in accord- 
ance with the Rules and Regulations of the United States 
Power Squadrons, Inc., and is therefore eligible for mem- 
bership in the 

Date 

Countersigned : 



Local Squadron Sec'y 



Board of Instruction and Examination. 
For District No 



90 



Sect. 5. The receipt of a certificate and enrollment in 
a Local Squadron, shall entitle the holder to fly the dis- 
tinguishing flag of the United States Power Squadrons, 
Inc. 

Sect. 6. If at any time after a certificate is issued, the 
holder thereof is found incompetent, or acting contrary 
to the letter or spirit of the Rules of the United States 
Power Squadrons, Inc., the Board of Instruction and 
Examination may revoke or suspend, for such time as 
they think proper, the certificate of such holder and his 
right to fly the distinguishing flag of the Squadrons. 

Sect. 7. Each Board of Instruction and Examination 
shall at all times be under the guidance and supervision 
of the Committee on Instruction and Examination, and 
may have the assistance of a Naval Officer or of any 
other competent person. 

ARTICLE XII. 

RULES FOR LOCAL SQUADRONS. 
OFFICERS. 

Section I. The officers of a Local Squadron shall con- 
sist of a Commander, a Lieutenant-Commander, a Squad- 
ron Secretary and such Lieutenants and other officers as 
may be deemed necessary. 

Sect. 2. There shall be two kinds of active members 
in a Local Squadron, namely : Members and Senior 
Members. There may also be Associate Members, sub- 
ject to the provisions of this article and to rules and 
regulations prescribed by the Governing Board. 

Sect. 3. A man shall become a member upon receiving 
the certificate prescribed in Section 4 of Article XI and 
upon being enrolled in a Local Squadron. A member 
shall receive a certificate of Senior Membership when he 
has participated in six drill periods, not more than four 

91 



of which in any one year shall count for such member- 
ship. A man may become an Associate Member, sub- 
ject to Section 2 of this Article, upon receiving from a 
District Board of Instruction and Examination a certificate 
indicating that he has passed an advanced examination as 
prescribed by the Committee on Instruction and Exam- 
ination. 

Sect. 4. A Senior Member shall receive a certificate of 
Junior Navigator when he has participated in twelve drill 
periods, not more than four of which shall count in any 
one year, and has passed such examination on coast pilot 
work as may be prescribed by the Committee on Instruc- 
tion and Examination. A Junior Navigator shall receive 
a certificate of Navigator when he has passed such ad- 
vanced examination on coast pilot work as may be pre- 
scribed by the Committee on Instruction and Examination. 
Said certificates do not relieve a Junior Navigator or a 
Navigator from his duties and obligations as a Senior 
Member. 

Sect. 5. Certificates of Senior Membership shall be 
issued by the Local Squadron Commander and counter- 
signed by the Local Squadron Secretary. Certificates for 
Junior Navigator and Navigator shall be issued by the 
Committee on Instruction and Examination and counter- 
signed by the Chief Commander. Certificates for Asso- 
ciate Members shall be issued as prescribed by the Gov- 
erning Board. 

Sect. 6. In each Local Squadron there shall each year 
be at least three drill periods and four instruction meet- 
ings, as prescribed by the Committee on Instruction and 
Examination. P'articipation in a drill period shall count 
for twenty-five points ; participation in an instruction 
meeting shall count for fifteen points. A Member or a 
Senior Member must, at the end of each year, have to his 
credit not less than seventy points, including at least one 



drill period, or forfeit his certificate and membership, 
unless excused by his Local Squadron Commander. 

Evidence of experience in navigation submitted in any 
one year by a Member or a Senior Member through his 
Local Squadron Commander to the Committee on In- 
struction and Examination, if approved by said Commit- 
tee, may be counted to his credit for such number of 
points for said year as said committee may determine. 

Sect. 7. Members and Senior Members participating in 
drill periods, v^hether on boats ov^ned by them or others, 
must actually take part in the handling of the boat or 
signals. 

RULES AND SIGNALS. 

Sect. 8. Each Local Squadron v^ill be required to adopt 
the rules and signals adopted by the United States Pov^er 
Squadrons, Inc., for use in formation or under vv^ay as a 
Squadron. 

BY-LA v^s. 

Sect. 9. The By-Laws or other governing rules adopted 
by a Local Squadron shall be subject to approval by the 
Governing Board of the United States Power Squadrons, 
Inc. 

Sect. 10. Each Local Squadron shall have an Admis- 
sion Committee. Any man eligible for membership in a 
Local Squadron must be proposed in writing by two 
Members of such Squadron and be favorably acted upon 
by the Admission Committee before he shall be examined 
by the District Board of Instruction and Examination. 

ARTICLE XIII. 

Section 1. distinguishing flags. 

(a) The distinguishing flag of the United States Power 
Squadrons, Inc., shall be rectangular in shape, the 
width to be nineteen thirty-sixths of the length, 
consisting of a fly of seven blue and six white 

93 



alternate vertical stripes of equal width and a red 
field on which shall be placed a circle and thirteen 
white five-pointed stars surrounding a white foul 
anchor. The field shall occupy the upper corner, 
next the hoist, six-thirteenths of the length and 
seven-thirteenths of the hoist of the flag; this flag 
shall be flown only by the enrolled Members of the 
Local Squadrons. 

(b) The Chief Commander shall display a blue rect- 
angular flag, its hoist two-thirds of, its length, with 
three crossed white tridents of a length of three- 
quarters of the hoist, placed centrally. 

(c) The Vice-Commander shall display a similar flag, 
except that there shall be only two crossed white 
tridents. 

(d) The Rear-Commander shall display a similar flag 
except there shall be only one white trident placed 
vertically. 

(e) The Flag Lieutenant shall display a blue swallow 
tail flag, its hoist two-thirds of its length with two 
crossed white speaking trumpets, three-quarters of 
the length of the hoist. 

Sect 2 ^^^ local squadrons. 

(a) The Commander shall display a blue rectangular 
flag, its hoist two-thirds of its length with three 
white tridents placed vertically at what would be 
the points of an obtuse triangle whose base would 
be one-half of the length of the flag. 

(b) The Lieutenant Commander shall display a flag 
similar to that of the Commander, except that the 
field shall be red, and the center trident shall be 
omitted, so that there shall be two. 

(c) The First Lieutenant shall display a flag similar to 
that of the Commander, except that the field shall 

94 



be white, and with one blue trident placed in the 
center. 

(d) The Second Lieutenant shall display a pointed blue 
flag, the length of the luff to be two-thirds of the 
length of the flag, with a white trident placed in 
the center. 

(e) The Third Lieutenant shall display a flag similar 
to that of the Second Lieutenant, except that the 
field shall be red. 

(/) The Fourth Lieutenant shall display a flag similar 
to that of the Second Lieutenant, except that the 
field shall be white and the trident blue. 

(g) The Fifth Lieutenant and other Lieutenants, if 
there be any, shall display a flag similar to that of 
the Second Lieutenant, except that the field shall 
be white, and the trident for the Fifth Lieutenant 
red. Sixth Lieutenant orange, and any further 
Lieutenants shall display the flag without tridents. 

(//) The Flag Lieutenant shall display a white swallow 
tail flag, its hoist two-thirds of its length, with a 
blue speaking trumpet placed directly in the center 
of the flag in a vertical position. 

ARTICLE XIV. 

UNIFORMS AND INSIGNIA. 

Section L All members of Squadrons should in gen- 
eral wear the regulation yachting uniform prescribed by 
their club. Members may, however, wear the Cap Device 
and the Buttons of the United States Power Squadrons 
instead of those of their club. Squadron Officers shall be 
designated as set forth below : 

BUTTONS. 

Sect. 2. The LTnited States Power Squadrons' buttons 
shall be of two kinds, gilt and black, and of two sizes, 
34-ligne and 22-ligne, bearing as a device a ship's wheel, 

95 



similar to the one in the cap device (as described later), 
and in its center the initials U. S. P. S. arranged in a 
circle. 

CAP. 

Sect. 3. Of navy blue cloth, or white duck, with black 
lustrous mohair braid band one and five-eighths inches 
wide; crown for size seven and one-eighth cap to be nine 
and seven-eighths long by nine and one-quarter inches 
wide; quarters of cap to the crown seam in front, one 
and three-eighths inches, same at sides and back; vizor 
of black patent leather two inches wide and set at an 
angle of forty-two degrees; chin strap of black patent 
leather fastened at side with two small black buttons. 

CAP DEVICE. 

Sect. 4. The distinguishing cap device of the United 
States Power Squadrons shall be a ship's wheel with eight 
spokes, one and three-eighths inches in diameter over all, 
embroidered in gold, and so placed that the two upper 
spokes are at an equal angle with an imaginary vertical 
line. Spokes within rim not to be shown, but in their 
place a raised enameled disk five-eighths of an inch in 
diameter, showing the United States Power Squadrons' 
ensign in colors on a white ground of a size that the 
four corners of the flag will touch the circumference of 
the disk. 

DESIGNATION" OF RANK. 

Sect. 5. Officers shall be designated as follows: 

Cap Insignia: 

United States Power Squadrons. 

Chief Commander', three tridents, each two inches in 

length, crossed at angles of forty-five degrees with center 

trident which is placed vertically; all embroidered in gold, 

with the cap device superimposed at their intersection. 

96 



Vice-Commander: same as for Chief Commander, omit- 
ting the vertical trident. 

Rear-Commander : same as for Chief Commander, with 
only one trident, placed vertically. 

Flag Lieutenant: two gold speaking trumpets crossed, 
each three-quarters of an inch in length, placed above the 
cap device. 

Secretary: two gold quills crossed, each three-quarters 
of an inch in length, placed above cap device. 

Treasurer: one open book in gold, one-half an inch 
across, placed above cap device. 

Aides: pair of binoculars in gold, one-half an inch in 
length, placed vertically above cap device. 

Members of Governing Board and Elective Committees: 
one gold scallop shell, one-half inch wide, with base down, 
placed vertically above cap device. 

Local Squadrons: 

Commander: three gold tridents one-half an inch long, 
placed one above and one on each side of cap device, with 
a space of one-eighth of an inch between the trident and 
the device. 

Lieutenant Commander: same as for Commander, omit- 
ting the trident above the cap device. 

First Lieutenant: same as for Commander, omitting the 
trident at each side of the device. 

Second Lieutenant : same as for First Lieutenant except 
that the trident shall be silver. 

Third Lieutenant : same as for First Lieutenant, except 
that the trident shall be embroidered in red silk. 

Fourth Lieutenant: same as for First Lieutenant, except 
that the trident shall be embroidered in white silk. 

Fifth Lieutenant and all other Lieutenants : same as for 
First Lieutenant, except that the trident shall be embroid- 
ered in orange silk. 

97 



Sleeve Marks: 
United States Power Squadrons. 
Chief Commander: one stripe of heavy black mohair 
braid two inches wide, placed two inches from edge of 
cuff, with two stripes of similar braid one-half an inch 
wide placed one-half an inch apart and one-half an inch 
above the broad stripe. 

Vice-Commander : same as for Chief Commander, omit- 
ting the upper stripe. 

Rear-Commander : same as for Chief Commander, omit- 
ting both narrow stripes. 

Other officers, Lieutenants, Aides, and members of Elec- 
tive Committees of the United States Power Squadrons: 
three stripes of heavy mohair tubular braid three-eighths 
of an inch wide placed three-eighths of an inch apart, the 
lowest stripe two inches from edge of cuff. 

Local Squadron: 

Commander: four stripes of heavy black mohair tubular 
braid one-half an inch wide placed one-half an inch apart, 
the lowest stripe two inches from edge of cuff. 

Lieutenant Commander: same as for Commander, with 
only three stripes. 

Lieutenants and other officers : same as for Commander 
with only two stripes. 

Ex-Officers shall be entitled to wear on the sleeve the 
designation of their rank. 

ARTICLE XV. 

RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR FORMATIONS AND EVOLUTIONS. 

Section 1. Rules and regulations governing the man- 
agement and equipment of boats, and signals and maneu- 
vers of Squadrons, shall be prescribed by the Governing 
Board. 

98 



ARTICLE XVI. 

AMENDMENTS. 

Section 1. The By-Laws of the United States Power 
Squadrons, Inc., may be amended, or a new By-Law made, 
by a two-thirds vote at any general or special meeting, 
provided the proposed amendment be stated in full in 
the Notice for the Meeting. 

Sect. 2. When such amendment is properly before any 
meeting for consideration, it may, before final action 
thereon, be changed or amended by a majority vote, pro- 
vided the changes offered be germane to the subject cov- 
ered by the amendment as proposed. 



INDEX 



Page 

Admission to Membership .86 

Amendments 99 

Answering Pennant 5 

Ardois System . 63 

Board of Instruction and Examination 89 

Boat Gear and Equipment 71 

Boat Service 79 

Buttons 95 

By-Laws 93 

Cap 96 

Cap Device 96 

Cap Insignia 96 

Club Code— Special Signals 39 

General Signals 40 

Code Numbers 46 

Compass Signals 56 

Conversational Signals 45 

Days of the Week 54 

Designation of Rank — National Officers 96 

Local Squadron Officers ... 97 

Diagrams of Evolutions 20 

Distinguishing Flags — National Officers 93 

Local Squadron Officers ... 94 

Division Signals 16 

Drill Signals 5 

Dues 87 

Duties of Officers 82 

Dressing Ship 76 

Flashing Light System 63 

Formation of Local Squadrons 85 

Handling Boats 71 

100 



Page 

Hours of the Day 55 

International Distress Signals 68 

Life Saving Signals 70 

Morse Code 61 

Meetings 87 

Memoranda 38 

Name and Object 81 

Names of Places and Fairways 47 

Nominations and Elections 88 

Numbers of Members and Boats Enrolled 57 

Officer in Command of Anchorage 78 

Repeater Signals 11 

Representation . 86 

Resignation 87 

Rules and Signals 93 

Rules for Local Squadrons 91 

Salutes 77 

Semaphore Code 64 

Semaphore System Diagram 65 

Signals with Flags, Lanterns, and Flashing Lights . 61 

Small Craft and Hurricane Warnings 66 

Squadron Signals 14 

Storm Flags 67 

Two-Flag Signals 18 

Tactical Suggestions 28 

Turning Maneuvers 5 

Uniforms and Insignia 95 

Wigwag System 62 

Yacht Routine 75 

Yachting and Flag Etiquette 73 



101 



